Fwd: FW: Khilafat in Islam
Sabtu, Mei 23, 2009
From: Murni
KHILAFAT IN ISLAM : DIMENSIONS
*Shah Abdul Hannan
Khilafat is a very important concept in Islam. It has important
implications in the political system of Islam. Many important
groups have made it a part of their programme to establish
Khilafat.
It is therefore necessary to be clear about the concept of
Khilafat. It has three important dimensions. In the moral
and spiritual sense, Khilafat means that all human beings
are 'Khalifa of Allah' or representatives of Allah on earth.
This is the purport of the verse "Surely, we are going to place
our representatives (Khalifa) on earth" [verse 30 : Sura Baqara].
All human beings are khalifa of Allah though many of them
commit sins and do not act like khalifa.
(Ref. : Quran - 6:165; 27:62 and 35:39).
This is the spiritual khilafat in Islam.
Khilafat also means the political system of Islam. This is the
most mentioned dimension of Khilafat. Khilafat, as a system
of politics and management of state was established by the
companions of Prophet (SM). The main points of khilafat or
political system of Islam are as follows:
Sovereignty of Allah which means supremacy of
Shariah (Quran and Sunnah). The basic law of the state
shall be based on the Quran and the Sunnah.
The detailed subsidiary law is obtained by Ijtihad carried out
by individual or groups of scholars or made by the Parliament
in the present day world with the aid of the Ulama or scholars
of Islam. Sovereignty of people and Parliament and the concept
sovereign state , as often used by even Islamic politicians,
mean that the legislative power lie with the people rather
than any dictator and that the state is independent, These
concepts do not negate the absolute sovereignty of Allah.
In Iranian constitution along with the concept of absolute
sovereignty of Allah the limited sovereignty of people has
been used .
Government established by the free choice of the people.
This is the majority view. In the present world, this means
government elected by the people. There is agreement
now on this among the Ulama of Islam. There is hardly any
major difference. This is the system accepted in the Islamic
constitutions in force in the Muslim world.
Fundamental rights: All citizens should have human rights
irrespective of gender or creed. The Islamic Constitutions
of the world have a chapter on the Fundamental rights or
Rights of the people which are available to all the citizens
in the state. These rights have been agreed to or confirmed
by Ulama after long debates in the light of the
Quran and Sunnah. These have also been upheld by the
IC document on human rights prepared by the scholars of Islam.
Rule of Law and Independence of Judiciary are important
points of Islamic political system.
Shura or consultation with the people and among the persons
in the Government through various forum including Parliament
is an important element in Islamic political theory. This is the
basis of democracy in Islam. Large number of scholars feel
hat the term democracy can be used in Islamic framework.
(Ref: Preamble of Islamic constitution of Pakistan which says
that the state shall strive to observe "democracy as enunciated
by Islam". Ulama accepted this phrase. )
These are the various elements of Islamic political system
which go to make Khilafat (Ref. : Khilafat and Mulukiat by
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, other books on Islamic Political
thought and Islamic Constitutions of Iran and Pakistan).
The third dimension of Khilafat is that it means the form of
Government in Islam. The Ulama have now agreed by and
large that in the framework of overall Islamic political theory,
both Presidential and Parliamentary Governments of to-day
are consistent with Islam (Ref : Islamic Constitution of Iran
and Pakistan, Islamic Law and Constitution by
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi,).
In the present circumstances, it is our duty to try to run our
respective states on the basis of Islamic principles or the
principles of Khilafat as outlined above. In fact almost all
major Islamic parties are working in this direction which is
the right political course in the present circumstances.
In conclusion, we can say that Khilafat does not only mean
that the President should be called Khalifa, it is much more
than that. It is in essence the political system of Islam.
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